Wind Power

Wind power represents wind turbines mounted within the municipality to generate electricity from wind. For each Swiss municipality, a wind potential is defined based on data obtained from Dujardin and Lehning (2022a; 2022b). There is a distinction between more winter-focused profiles and all-year focused profiles. These correspond to a different choice of wind power turbine locations. The all-year focused profiles is based on the turbine locations optimal for reaching the maximum yearly production. The winter-focused profile is geared towards the maximum winter production.

The existing installed wind power capacity in Swiss municipalities is based on the national dataset of electricity production plants provided by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (2022).

The input parameters of the wind power technology are

Attribute	Description	Standard value	Unit	Data type
deployment	If set to ‘true’, the technology will be considered in the energy system model (this does not necessarily mean it will be used). Only relevant for optimisation.	True	—	bool
kWp_max	Kilowatt Peak: Maximum power output of wind power system.	1e+32	kW	float
kWp_max_systemwide		‘inf’		float
co2_intensity	Carbon-dioxide intensity of technology output (annual average value).	0	kg CO2/kWh	float
lifetime	Expected lifetime of technology before replacement is required.	25	years	int
maintenance_cost		11.3	CHF/kWp/year	float
capex_CHFpkWp	CAPEX cost of technology per unit of capacity.	2075	CHF/kWp	float
interest_rate	Interest rate for computing levelised costs (if required).	0.025	—	float
potential_integration_factor	Used for scenario ‘wind_power_integration’. This factor specifies the fraction of additional wind power potential to be implemented. The additional wind power potential is based on a a simulation done by Wind-Topo.	0	—	float
virtual_export_tariff	virtual export tarriff to prefer internal usage of the electricity	0	CHF/kWh	float
export_subsidy	subsidy to make export more likely (and prevent cycling of storages to curtail energy)	0	CHF/kWh	float
wind_power_installed_allocation	Decision on whether the installed wind power will be counted towards the local electricity generation or towards the national electricity mix. Options: ‘national’, ‘local’		—	str
v_e_wp_national_recalc	If set to ‘true, recalculation of hourly national wind power profile of installed capacity will be carried out; default should be ‘false’, as this is only required when new wind power plants have been installed.		—	bool

The symbols and names of the flows are

v_e_wp_exp	Exported Electricity
v_e_wp	Outflow Electricity

References

Dujardin, J., Lehning, M. (2022a). Wind-Topo_model. EnviDat. DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.301

Dujardin, J., & Lehning, M. (2022b). Wind‐Topo: Downscaling near‐surface wind fields to high‐resolution topography in highly complex terrain with deep learning. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 148(744), 1368-1388. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4265

Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE). (2022). Dokumentation «minimales Geodatenmodell»: Elektrizitätsproduktionsanlagen (Version 1.0rev, Geobasisdatensatz Nr. 221.1). Eidgenössisches Departement für Umwelt, Verkehr, Energie und Kommunikation. https://www.bfe.admin.ch/bfe/en/home/supply/digitalization-and-geoinformation/geoinformation/geodata/production-plants/electricity-production-plants.html